Perhaps the man who most embodied the industrial preoccupation with time was American engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor. Active during the zenith of America’s Industrial Revolution in the mid-19th century, Taylor dedicated his life to improving industrial efficiency.
Taylor detailed his numerous methods for optimizing production in his influential book, The Principles of Scientific Management. He is perhaps most famous for the time and motion study, where he scrutinized how a particular task was completed by breaking it down into small, discrete actions. This allowed Taylor to identify inefficient actions, and eliminate wasted time.
Sometimes criticized for dehumanizing workers by treating them as mere cogs in a machine, Taylor’s rigorous approach to maximizing output is influential across industries long after his death. Taylorism even shaped Toyota’s vaunted Toyota Production System.
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